Fluvial seed dispersal of riparian trees: transport and depositional processes          下载免费PDF全文

Adrienne Cunnings  Edward Johnson  Yvonne Martin 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(5):615-625

Fluvial seed dispersal considers both the transport and deposition of seeds where channel geomorphic structures, hydrology and seed dispersal traits contribute to transport times and depositional locations. This study examines the influence of stream flow patterns on fluvial seed dispersal of buoyant white alder (Alnus rhombifolia) seeds by applying a one‐dimensional transport model. Conceptually, the model separates the stream into two components: (i) the main channel where the seeds are transported downstream; and (ii) the transient storage zone where seeds are temporarily detained or deposited on the river bank. Transport processes are characterized by an advection–dispersion equation which is coupled to a transient storage model using an exponential decay term. The model parameters: longitudinal dispersion (D_L), exchange coefficient (α), main channel area (A) and storage zone (A_s) are estimated based on field experiments conducted in a confined, bedrock‐gravel bed river with pool‐riffle morphology located in coastal northern California. The riparian zone is inhabited by Alnus rhombifolia that disperse buoyant seeds in mid‐spring coinciding with the end of the wet, Mediterranean season. Artificial seeds, with similar traits of buoyancy and density to alder seeds, were used to quantify transport times and depositional locations. Preferential deposition resulted in stream reaches with larger A_s, high A_s/A ratios, and faster exchange coefficients corresponding to divergent stream flow (back‐eddies, re‐circulating flow, flow expansions) caused by geomorphic structures such as the ends of bar/riffle features and bends in the stream. The results demonstrate the importance of transient storage for seed transport and depositional processes. Morphological features that increase a channel's complexity create complex flow structures that detain seeds and provide a greater opportunity for deposition to occur. The model provides a simplification of river hydraulics to represent dispersal dynamics and lends itself to further understanding of hydrochory processes and associated population structure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

钢质大型浮顶油罐防雷设计与施工工艺研究     

丁立兵  康强 《气象研究与应用》2011,32(1):84-87

通过对钢质浮顶油罐雷电防护技术和施工工艺的研究,分析了钢质大型浮顶油罐的防雷技术措施;针对相关国家规范只有条文规定而无相应施工图集的问题,给出了相应的防雷施工工艺图,以供油库防雷设计和施工管理人员参考.  相似文献   

梧桐庄矿新增大口径3号排水孔施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

郭再峰 《探矿工程》2011,38(9):83-85

介绍了梧桐庄矿大口径排水孔钻探成井、固井施工技术。该孔设计孔深646 m,终孔直径520 mm,落点坐标水平位移≯5 m,下入重达90余吨的Φ426 mm套管646 m,水泥固井。由于钻孔直径大,垂直度要求高,施工难度大,预防钻孔超斜、确保顺利安全下入Φ426 mm套管并固井是关键。通过采用小口径先导孔钻进再扩孔成井的施工方法,并采取合理的钻具组合和泥浆,制定有效的防斜技术和下套管措施等,顺利完成了施工任务,施工质量满足设计要求。  相似文献   

Parametric vibration of submerged floating tunnel tether under random excitation     

孙胜男  苏志彬 《中国海洋工程》2011,25(2):349-356

For the study of the parametric vibration response of submerged floating tunnel tether under random excitation,a nonlinear random parametric vibration equation of coupled tether and tube of submerged floating tunnel is set up.Subsequently,vibration response of tether in the tether-tube system is analyzed by Monte Carlo method.It may be concluded that when the tube is subjected to zero-mean Gaussian white noise random excitation,the displacement and velocity root mean square responses of tether reach the peak if the circular frequency of tube doubles that of tether;the displacement and velocity root mean square responses of tether increase as the random excitation root mean square increases;owing to the damping force of water,the displacement and velocity root mean square responses of tether decrease rapidly compared with tether in air;increasing the damping of the tether or tube reduces the displacement and velocity root mean square responses of tether;the large-amplitude vibration of tether may be avoided by locating dampers on the tether or tube.  相似文献   

基于区域差异类型的流动人口快速监测方法     

刘盛和  胡章  邓羽 《地理研究》2011,30(4):676-686

改革开放以来,我国流动人口增长迅猛,但目前我国还缺乏对流动人口进行快速动态监测的有效方法与方案,特别是未能考虑我国流动人口的区域差异性,这已成为各级政府在进行科学决策和及时行动时的主要制约因素之一.本文尝试提出一种基于区域差异的我国流动人口快速监测方法,旨在应用流动人口区域差异的知识来改正流动人口监测样点网络布局方案和...  相似文献   

流动人口的流迁模式与社会保护:从"城市融入"到"社会融入"   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  

朱宇  林李月 《地理科学》2011,(3):264-271

基于福建省福州市流动人口问卷调查及流动人口、企业雇主和相关政府部门官员的深入访谈,考察了流动人口流迁模式的复杂性和多元分化及其对他们社会保护的影响.研究结果表明,流动人口的流迁模式呈现在流入地定居、保持流动状态和向流出地回流的三维分化,并由此导致其对社会保护需求在整体上不同于流入地当地居民,在其内部呈现多元分化的局面;...  相似文献   

How many probe vehicles are enough for identifying traffic congestion?-a study from a streaming data perspective     

Handong WANG  Yang YUE  Qingquan LI 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2013,(1)

  相似文献   

提高浅层地震反射静校正精度的一种方法与数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张前  陈超  刘江平 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(1):348-356

浅层地震反射法是一种常用的勘探方法.在浅层地震资料处理中,静校正的精度直接影响速度反演的结果和叠加剖面的质量,在地形平缓时,固定基准面静校正可以满足勘探精度的要求,但在复杂地形条件下,其存在较大误差,即使采用浮动基准面,仍会由于地表一致性假设而残余静校正量,不能消除地形起伏引起的影响,为了提高浅层地震反射静校正的精度必须在常规静校正后进行一次剩余静校正,本文给出起伏地形条件下,滑动基准面(过共中心点的水平面即为该共中心点的滑动基准面)的剩余静校正量,该校正量与炮检距、反射层埋深、地层波速以及炮点和接收点高程有关,适用于单一介质和层状介质情况,本文通过对典型地形起伏的3个水平均匀层状介质理论地质模型的速度谱计算和分析,阐明在复杂地形条件下,应用本文提出的剩余静校正方法可以消除地形起伏的影响,提高静校正精度,在此基础上做动校正可以得到高质量的水平叠加剖面.  相似文献   

漂浮植物修复技术净化城市河湖水体试验研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

黄廷林  戴栋超  王震  解岳  钟建红 《地理科学进展》2006,25(6):62-67

阐述了漂浮栽培植物修复系统的技术原理、特点与系统组成, 研究了在该系统中种植美人 蕉和旱伞草2 种植物的生长状况以及这些植物对城市河湖水体中氮、磷等的净化效果。尝试了将 漂浮栽培植物与生物接触氧化技术结合起来, 并研究了植物与生物填料的组合系统对水质的改 善效果。结果表明, 美人蕉和风车草在漂浮植物修复系统对氨氮的去除率均在90%以上, 漂浮栽 培植物与软性填料的组合系统对水中COD_Mn 的去除率达46%以上。  相似文献   

石鳖和拟帽贝消化酶解离海藻效果的研究     

《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(Z1):237-241

以藻类为食的石鳖和拟帽贝的消化腺中 含有酶解藻类的消化酶,从这两种海产贝类中提取混合酶能够成为对海藻细胞遗传学研究有 效的工具酶。通过对20种青岛海滨常见藻类酶解效果的比较发现：(1)该酶对各种藻类均有 一定的解离作用,尤其对红藻效果好,对绿藻次之;(2)解离时间相对较短,一般在1h左右 ,解离甘紫菜30min即可有50％的单细胞游离。贝类混合消化酶由于综合多种贝类的食性特 征,具有比单一动物消化酶更广泛的消化作用。  相似文献